All,
According to Benet in "Ordnance Memorandum No. 21" USGPO 1878 paper time fuzes [1] are rolled paper on wooden form (from cut paper pattern), glued, varnished, placed in a brass mold, ignition materials driven with a .35" steel rod (dowel), in stages, using a 1/2 pound mallet. Burning rates are determined by various mixtures and subsequent experimentation. Additional details apply but that is a general outline of the process.
[1] First item in "Errata" calls for "Fuze" to be changed to "Fuse". Errata page also calls for a 4.5" gun note if I read it right. Perhaps this will get the attention of some of the folks trying to find the mysterious tube sizes.